A skin biopsy is a diagnostic procedure in which a sample of skin tissue is taken to make a definitive diagnosis. It is classified as:
- Punch biopsy – a diagnostic procedure in which a fragment of tissue is taken from the skin for detailed examination. Using a special device similar to a pen, a fragment of skin tissue is taken and sent to a laboratory, where pathologists examine the tissue fragment and make an accurate final diagnosis of the pathology. The final pathological response of a skin biopsy is the most important test that confirms the diagnosis of the disease and determines the patient's further examination and treatment tactics.
- A shave biopsy is a diagnostic procedure in which the doctor uses a scalpel or shaving blade to remove the upper layer of suspicious skin. The shavings are sent to a laboratory, where pathologists examine the material and determine the diagnosis of the pathology.
- An excisional skin biopsy is a surgical procedure in which the doctor removes a suspicious skin lesion. During an excisional skin biopsy, the entire suspicious lesion and usually the surrounding tissue are removed. The removed specimen is sent to a laboratory, where pathologists examine the removed lesion and make a definitive diagnosis of the pathology. The final pathological response of an excisional skin biopsy is the most important test that confirms the diagnosis of the disease and determines the patient's further examination and treatment tactics.
FAQs about skin biopsies
When should a skin biopsy be performed?
Your doctor may recommend a skin biopsy if you have a new or changing mole, rash, scaly or rough area of skin, or a persistent open sore.
A skin biopsy can help diagnose:
- Bacterial or fungal skin infections;
- Skin diseases such as eczema or psoriasis;
- Skin cancer (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma).
How to prepare for a skin biopsy?
Your doctor will give you specific instructions on how to best prepare. It is recommended that you avoid taking aspirin, anti-inflammatory drugs, or anticoagulants for several days before the procedure, as these can increase the risk of bleeding and bruising.
If you are scheduled for a skin biopsy, it is important to tell your doctor:
- If you are pregnant;
- If you are taking blood-thinning medication;
- If you are taking aspirin;
- If you have any health problems or have recently had surgery;
- If you are allergic, especially to local anesthetics.
How is a skin biopsy performed?
During a skin biopsy, you will need to lie down on an examination table. The doctor will help you get into the most comfortable position and will examine the suspicious area of skin where the biopsy will be performed. Once the exact area of skin to be biopsied has been determined, the doctor will inject a local anesthetic, after which you will feel nothing. After administering the local anesthetic, the doctor will perform a skin biopsy (punch, shave, or excisional) and take a sample for examination. During a shave biopsy, only the surface layer of skin is removed. There may be some bleeding, but stitches are not necessary. If you are undergoing a punch or excisional biopsy, the doctor may use a few stitches to close the wound.
What should I expect during the procedure?
The doctor will explain the steps of the procedure and answer any questions you may have. During a skin biopsy, you can expect:
- A slight prick when the local anesthetic is injected.
- You may feel a little pressure when the pain medication is injected.
- You will experience slight discomfort.
What happens after the procedure?
After the procedure, your doctor may monitor you for up to 15 minutes to make sure you do not experience any side effects, including dizziness, nausea, or an allergic reaction. Local anesthesia will not cause you to feel tired or sleepy, so you will be able to drive yourself home.
After the procedure, the following is recommended:
- Wound dressing and care;
- Medication for pain relief;
- Gentle activity;
- Removal of post-operative stitches.
How long does a skin biopsy take?
The total duration of the procedure depends on the type of biopsy being performed and your specific situation. In most cases, a biopsy can take between 20 and 40 minutes.
What is the healing period after a biopsy?
If you have had a shave biopsy, you may feel some discomfort, but you will be able to return to your normal activities the next day. You are likely to feel slight discomfort at the biopsy site for a few days. Bruising may also occur after the procedure. To promote faster healing and avoid infection, you should follow your doctor's instructions for wound care.
What are the side effects or complications of the procedure?
Most skin biopsies are minimally invasive, and patients recover quickly.
Possible complications after a skin biopsy include:
- Bruising;
- Bleeding;
- Swelling;
- Pain;
- Infection;
- Scarring.
How long does it take to get skin biopsy results?
Typically, the final pathological response to a skin biopsy is available in 1-2 weeks, but this may vary. The following factors influence the time it takes to receive skin biopsy results:
- Whether special staining and procedures are required for the test;
- If the pathologist needs to examine more samples;
- If the pathologist needs a second opinion.
What do skin biopsy results mean?
The pathological report of a skin biopsy is the most important test that confirms the diagnosis of the disease and determines the patient's further examination and treatment tactics. Your doctor will explain the final results in detail and discuss them with you. He or she will also discuss whether you need additional tests, surgery, or treatment. Don't be afraid to ask questions.
