Vaginal itching is an unpleasant symptom that many women experience at least once in their lives. It is usually not serious and may be linked to temporary irritation, hormonal changes or an infection. However, in some cases, itching may signal a more serious health problem, so if symptoms persist or recur, it is advisable to consult an obstetrician-gynaecologist.
The most common causes of vaginal itching:
- A fungal infection is one of the most common causes of vaginal itching. A fungal infection is caused by an overgrowth of yeast in the vagina, leading to: intense itching, redness of the vagina and vulva, a burning sensation and a whitish discharge;
- Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) – some STIs can cause itching and irritation of the vagina and vulva, as well as abnormal discharge. The most common STIs associated with itching are: trichomoniasis, genital herpes, genital warts, gonorrhoea and chlamydia;
- Bacterial vaginosis – a clinical condition in which the normal vaginal microflora (lactobacilli) is replaced by other bacteria, accompanied by an increase in vaginal pH. Characteristic symptoms include an unpleasant ‘fishy’ odour, greyish or white discharge, and itching and discomfort;
- Allergy or skin irritation – sometimes the cause of the problem is quite simple: a new hygiene product or cosmetic. Itching may be caused by: scented sanitary towels or tampons, intimate hygiene products, washing powder, and shower gels or soaps;
- Oestrogen deficiency – a reduced oestrogen level leads to thinning and dryness of the vaginal lining. This most commonly occurs during the menopause, the perimenopausal period, and in some breastfeeding women. As well as itching, this can cause dryness, discomfort during sexual intercourse and more frequent irritation;
- Skin conditions – various skin conditions can also occur in the vaginal and vulvar areas. These include: contact dermatitis, folliculitis (inflammation of the hair follicles) and other inflammatory skin conditions;
- Haemorrhoids – although haemorrhoids are not a gynaecological problem, the itching they cause can spread to surrounding areas;
- Vulvar cancer – persistent and long-lasting itching may, in rare cases, be one of the symptoms of vulvar cancer. Additional signs include changes in skin colour or texture, unexplained lumps, bleeding outside of menstruation and unusual discharge.
When should I be concerned and see a doctor about vaginal itching?
- The itching lasts for more than a week;
- The symptoms interfere with sleep or daily activities;
- Sores or blisters appear;
- You experience pain or swelling;
- You notice unusual discharge;
- It hurts when you urinate;
- You feel discomfort during sexual intercourse.
How can I reduce the risk of vaginal itching?
Although not all causes can be prevented, good intimate hygiene and daily habits can help reduce the risk of vaginal irritation and infections. It is recommended that you:
- Wash the genital area with warm water and a mild cleanser;
- Avoid scented soaps, sprays and intimate hygiene products;
- Change into dry clothes as soon as possible after exercise or swimming;
- Choose cotton underwear;
- Use protection during sexual intercourse;
- Get regularly screened for sexually transmitted infections;
- Wipe from front to back after using the toilet to prevent bacteria from entering the vaginal area.